When a native plant moves its way into the mainstream
nursery trade, that says a lot about how ornamental and successful it can be in
your landscape. The popular cocoplum is a native of South Florida that is
a common hedge plant in the warmer parts of Charlotte County. More plum,
than coco, the cocoplum offers a premier evergreen plant that is sure to
please.
The cocoplum is definitely a plant better suited to warmers
areas of Charlotte County. Being a plant listed for hardiness zone 10b
and south, the cocoplum can be damaged by frosts and freezes where damage to
the leaves can occur at twenty-eight degrees F. I saw this happen several
years ago when a large commercial planting was put in and a hard freeze leveled
it to the ground in Port Charlotte. Some of these cocoplums survived as
they were protected in a microclimate and actually grew back bigger and
better. I had one cocoplum in Port Charlotte about the same time
and it also froze to the ground never to be seen again. As such, unless
you have a protected area, limit the cocoplums use to the immediate coast which
better guarantees a moderating climate. Many sites in Punta Gorda and
along through coastal Englewood seem to be appropriate environments. In
addition to being better suited to warmer coastal areas, many cultivars of
cocoplum are well adapted to salty conditions. This adaptation ranges
from the cultivar called ‘Horizontal’ with high salt tolerance to ‘Red Tip’
which is less tolerant. Cocoplum, as a group, is also very wind resistance
and does well in coastal conditions.
The rounded to elliptical leaves are shiny dark green above
and yellow-green below. New leaves are coppery-pink in color and some,
notably ‘Red Tip” have reddish new leaves. Small, greenish-white flowers
are followed by plum-like fruit that range in size from three-quarters to over
one-inch is length. The edible fruit is pink, white or purple with a
juicy flesh most often sweet with a unique flavor. The flesh surrounds a
relatively large pit. In addition to fresh-eating, people have made jams
and jellies from the fruit.
While the cocoplum could be trained into a small tree as
some can grow upwards to fifteen feet tall, it is mostly used as a very dense
and attractive hedge. Easily pruned to shape and size, cocoplum can
be trained into one nice formal hedge. ‘Red Tip’ or ‘Green Tip’ are
good choices for hedges. For groundcover purposes, the cultivar call
‘Horizontal’ is better adapted with slow growth and better salt and drought
tolerance. Rooting at the nodes as it spreads out over the soil surface,
this cultivar hugs the ground.
To develop a hedge from cocoplum plants, space the
individual specimens anywhere from forty to sixty inches apart on center for
best development. It will take at least a year for the hedge to develop
and take form. Prune to develop this hedge at least once per year.
Remember to prune the hedge so that the top is narrow and base is wide for best
results.
In the correct place, the cocoplum is an excellent and
interesting plant well suited to dense, tidy hedges. For more information
on all types of shrubs suitable for our area, please call
our Master Gardener volunteers on the Plant Lifeline on Mondays, Wednesdays and
Fridays from 1 to 4 pm at 764-4340 for gardening help and insight into their
role as an Extension volunteer. Don't forget to visit our other County
Plant Clinics in the area. Please check this link for a complete list of
site locations, dates and times - http://charlotte.ifas.ufl.edu/horticulture/Plant%20Clinics%20Schedule.pdf
.
Resources:
Brown, S. H. (2011) Chrysobalanus
icaco. The University of Florida Extension Service, IFAS – Lee
County.
Landscape Plants (2011) Chrysobalanus
icaco, Cocoplum. The University of Florida Extension Service, IFAS.
Caldwell, D. (2016) Hedging by
Pruning. The University of Florida Extension Service, IFAS – Collier County.
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