Friday, October 16, 2015

Olive trees – yes and no


While olive trees have been in Florida for some time as a curiosity and for small scale production further north, renewed interest has come about this tree as a landscape subject.  Growing upwards to a possible thirty-feet tall, olives can make a nice small to medium-sized landscape tree for our area.  As far as producing your own olives, I would not get your hopes up, but as an attractive tree, it is worth a try.

We planted a small olive tree ('Arbequina')  in our Demonstration Garden a few years ago to see how it would do.  It is now over six-feet tall and has actually, to our surprise, set some fruit this year!  This was not expected as we had heard that this far south fruit is not dependably set.  This may still be the case as it has not matured as yet and could still fall off.  Otherwise, this small tree has beautiful gray-green evergreen foliage with silvery surface on the underside of the leaves.  Although truly evergreen, the oldest leave swill shed as new growth emerges in the spring.  The bark color goes from gray-green to tannish-gray as it matures.  If olives develop flowers and fruit, a crop is normally produced every other year.  If fruit is produced, it starts green and then turns blackish-purple when ripe.  Please note that the fruit has to be processed to become palatable as raw fruit is bitter and inedible. 



Pollination is another consideration as it can be complex, climate-sensitive and many olive cultivars are not self-fertile.  In our area this may not be of much consequence.  However, just for the record, if you were to select suitable self-fertile cultivars, try 'Arbequina', 'Mission', or 'Manzanilla'. In suitable climates, fruit set may be increased by planting more than one cultivar in close proximity.

Plant olives in full sun areas with very good drainage for best results.  Once established, olives are fairly drought-resistant and can be long-lived.  Please note that many people are allergic to olive pollen so plant accordingly. 

Again, like some newer plants, finding suitable olive trees may be difficult in our area.  I have seen as recently as last week some in a local box store garden center.  Otherwise, please check with local family-run garden centers and regional specialized nurseries as well as internet sources.  While the one olive in our Demonstration Garden is doing really well, it represents a trial of sorts as to how well these trees will do in our area – so far, so good.  As to olive production, I am not holding my breath, but find that this attractive tree holds some promise as landscape feature.  For more information on all types of trees suitable for our area, please call our Master Gardener volunteers on the Plant Lifeline on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 1 to 4 pm at 764-4340 for gardening help and insight into their role as an Extension volunteer.  Don't forget to visit our other County Plant Clinics in the area.  Please check this link for a complete list of site locations, dates and times - http://charlotte.ifas.ufl.edu/horticulture/Plant%20Clinics%20Schedule.pdf.

Resources:
Thetford, M., Gillet-Kaufman, J. L.& Mulvaney, M. J. (2015) Olives for Your Florida Landscape.  The University of Florida Extension Service, IFAS
UF/IFAS Gardening Solutions (2015) Olives. The University of Florida Extension Service, IFAS
Florida Trees For Urban and Suburban Sites (2015) The University of Florida Extension Service, IFAS

Spray, V. ( 2010) Grow Olives in North Florida.  The University of Florida Extension Service, IFAS – Leon County

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